diff --git a/.project-docs/30-worklog/tasks/20261013-chat-message-time-64ebac32.md b/.project-docs/30-worklog/tasks/20261013-chat-message-time-64ebac32.md
index e66cc509..d0ad2242 100644
--- a/.project-docs/30-worklog/tasks/20261013-chat-message-time-64ebac32.md
+++ b/.project-docs/30-worklog/tasks/20261013-chat-message-time-64ebac32.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 - Worktree: /Users/chillishark/Makelore 麦洛/.codex-worktrees/makelore/20261013-chat-message-time-64ebac32
 - Base commit: 2899009215b1de8e28b84fc108e880c6e68a6098
 - Owner: codex
-- Status: Ready for Integration
+- Status: Planning
 
 ## Scope
 
@@ -58,3 +58,30 @@
 
 - Model audit begins an assistant row at start and publishes it later with the same created_at; finish updates actualfinished_at/content. Legacy creation may occur at final storage. Accurate reply-completion presentation therefore needs messagefinished_at or the associated completed Runfinished_at rather than barecreated_at. Historical personal pages include only the latest Run and cannot stamp every earlier reply with that one finish time.
 - Current-page wait fallback may correlate queue request_id with the user message's servercreated_at, but durable queue/requestcreated_at anddispatched_at should be exposed for complete pagination/restart recovery. Columns already exist; no database migration or made-up local time is needed. Same local request retries retain first send identity/time. Group multi-message answer timing by actual request/run, preserving each message's provenance.
+
+## Authorized Existing-Time Implementation
+
+- User clarifies that ordinary sent/reply times are wanted, then explicitly authorizes direct implementation. This supersedes the earlier proposal's completion-time precision work: use the existing authoritative history.messages.created_at as each message's recorded time and label it sending/reply time; do not call it finished_at. No new Yuxi endpoint/field, clock estimate or waiting-duration contract is needed for this scope.
+- Bundled check/start/status reverified the same owner/task/branch/base. All current peer Scope/Intent/Promotion sections reread; canonical/AGENTS context is unchanged and reused. No source semantics conflict; earlier publication repair remains cancelled and chat replay repair is separate. Current deployed Renderer remains2899009, matching own product baseline. Planning Gate: Passed.
+- Reuse established local-time/date/tooltip behavior, preserving message identity and server timestamps across refresh/reopen. Streaming content without authoritative time should not be stamped with now; display a pending label until the recorded history arrives. Any saved time found by stable message identity remains its original time, including known old replay identity. Preserve existing styling, history/draft/account behavior and Main/backend protocols.
+- Scope is ordinary chat timestamps and meaningful Renderer regression coverage/typecheck/scoped lint/build. No automatic question submission, paid calls, backend deployment, merge/push or cleanup. Temporary-app activation will only be considered as an explicit requested update; this instruction directly authorizes source implementation.
+
+## Implementation Plan
+
+1. Add sending/reply timestamps to persisted and live personal Agent messages using existing formatter/component and authoritative history data; align quiet footer with each bubble.
+2. Verify saved/live/hydration/reopen and missing-time behavior with focused UI tests and production compilation.
+3. Record result and hand off committed source, keeping the running app unchanged unless separately authorized to update it.
+
+## Current Runtime Assembly And Background Update
+
+- During implementation another authorized UI task updated the running Renderer to2b2f7b96b0e2c378c706f29099ffb974dc1acdbf (application-message-v3), while Main PID9968/source7c51 and Host API58003 remain. The actual current product/test/README delta2899009→2b2f7b9 is assembled before time activation to preserve its application-retry wording, staged configuration checks and subagent selection changes. Foreign task/canonical docs are not copied. No semantic conflict with timestamp UI; README combines its current paragraphs with the own time paragraph, and E2E copy retains both changes.
+- Source timestamp implementation is authorized directly. In this ongoing temporary-app workflow, root treats reversible background Renderer refresh as part of delivering the visible requested change, with fresh immutable source/binding checks and strict input/task/receipt guards. This supersedes the earlier source-only handoff plan, not the cancelled publication repair. No Main restart, backend request/publication/cancellation or focus activation is included.
+- Background stage uses actual predecessor current pointer/manifest chain and original stable Renderer URL/profile; no discard authorization is reused. If quiet-state or writer binding differs, activation stops without overwriting inputs/runtime.
+
+## Implementation Verification Before Runtime Binding
+
+- Added small aligned timestamps to saved user/assistant messages via existing MessageTimestamp formatter/semantictime component. TodayHH:mm, older dates/date-year and full second-level tooltip follow existing app rules. Both formal chat and preview/history comparison reuse TrialMessages. Explicit labels are 发送时间/回复时间, never claiming completion.
+- Live messages use authoritative same-thread assistant source identity to find created_at; known old source IDs retain original date across Run replay, while unknown active/terminal times show 回复中…/时间未记录. No clock-now fallback, Main/backend endpoint, request timing field or queued-status behavior changed. Existing repeat-message defect is not repaired by this timestamp change.
+- Added9 meaningful UI regressions for persisted dates, invalid values, next-day reopening, live hydration, partial history, oldRun source identity, user-ID isolation and terminal-history failure. Updated existing Electron UI fixture with authoritative created_at and semantictime/label assertions. Full native Electron E2E is not run because it creates visible windows; focused Renderer boundary tests and later read-only actual-app DOM verification provide this request's coverage without desktop activation.
+- Current assembled source tests:120/120 across10 focused unit suites; typecheck and production Vite/Main/Preload/utility build passed. Scoped ESLint passed with only the existing two CloudChat warnings (component/constants fast-refresh export and generation ref cleanup). Independent source review found no blocking defect. Diff/drift checks pass. Earlier43focused/9new tests are included in120, not additional distinct coverage.
+- Preserved actual2b2f7b9 product deltas and approved timestamp code only, excluded foreign project docs. Stage helpers are preparation only at this point; source commit will be bound before any activation. No live questions/cancellations/config mutations or application refresh occurred yet.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 45f3b925..1797c32c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@ Makelore 是一个面向软件、视觉创作、智能机器人与个人云智
 
 - `Makelore Code｜AI 编程`：管理本地项目、项目智能体、对话、文件上下文、代码变更和运行时。
   会话工作台采用浅蓝项目栏、彩色通用手柄图标与卡片选中态；中间对话/作品使用圆角标签，作品预览的后退、前进、刷新与网址输入统一放在标签右侧；只在作品页显示，窄窗口自动换行。右侧智能体咨询使用奶油色标题区。沿用真实项目和会话入口、侧栏伸缩与账户菜单，样式只作用于 Code 会话工作台。可编辑的空对话在输入区上方的可用区域中央显示童趣欢迎语；「去作品广场逛逛」入口紧贴输入框上方，两者一起位于底部。老师介绍以固定宽度浮在右上角，不占用中间布局；欢迎语和底部输入区始终相对项目栏右侧的整个内容区域居中；小窗口的欢迎内容独立滚动；发送首条消息后收起欢迎区。侧栏保留「作品广场」入口，只有点击后才在系统浏览器打开公共广场，不请求、摘取或内嵌展示广场作品。打开广场保留当前项目、对话、草稿和附件，不自动发送消息；老师求助按钮保留临时应用的最新文案「帮我整体看🧠」。
-- `Makelore Agents｜AI 智能体`：从模块首页进入时先打开“我的智能体”卡片列表，保留此前对话与操作恢复记录；返回首页箭头与侧栏折叠按钮同排，折叠后仍可返回；智能体模块的侧栏只通过按钮点击或键盘激活展开，鼠标经过左侧、收纳按钮或顶栏不会展开，切换模块不沿用旧悬停预览；其他模块仍保留原预览方式。“我的智能体”使用浅紫对话机器人图标，“渠道”使用浅蓝连接节点图标。macOS 原生窗口按钮留出安全空间。首页围绕自己的智能体和创建入口，显示童趣问候“Hi，今天想创造还是想聊聊？”，不再显示更多、收到的分享、活动或归档筛选。卡片恢复原有尺寸与留白，显示名称、可为空的一句话介绍及状态，支持聊天、调整、继续制作和确认删除；删除沿用云端归档机制，移出列表并停用新调用，历史和费用保留。创建先填写名称并选择平台像素头像或上传头像，下一步进入独立配置。顶部名称有编辑图标，头像可点击修改；未设置头像时使用同一张默认像素头像，从创建到配置、改名、保存和重新打开保持一致。基础页为“介绍与提示词”，一句话介绍可留空，完整提示词保留原始文本；模型作为高级设置第一项必选，未选择时不能开始使用，草稿可分步保存，不自动选模型。介绍与提示词采用浅蓝介绍卡和浅紫提示词卡；高级设置按模型、工具箱（Tool）、做事手册（Skill）、MCP 服务、子智能体和知识库纵向呈现，不再设内部分类切换；不展示 Tool/Skill 解释、资源开放规则提示、云端能力管理、费用上限或运行限制卡片，保存其他配置时保留既有运行限制，费用规则不变。顶层页签切换保留搜索、资源选择、知识表单及未保存输入。配置页移除聊天、自动任务和使用与接入导航，独立聊天仍从卡片进入，微信账号仍在侧栏渠道管理。草稿明确保存（Ctrl/⌘+S）；保存只更新草稿，“应用最新修改”使新配置生效，失败重试保持原操作身份；点击“开始使用”完成必要的私有启用后直接打开聊天，不再展示二次确认页；未保存修改、缺少模型、冲突或尚未确认的请求会留在配置页处理，打开聊天不自动发送消息。独立对话沿用奶油底色和浅蓝、浅紫、薄荷色：顶部展示返回、只读头像和名称；有附件时在同一行右侧显示回形针“附件”入口和文件数量，不展示调整、保存／应用状态、客户端／微信来源、费用／版本说明或历史／新对话图标；配置由列表卡片的“调整”进入。空对话展示当前智能体头像与名称，示例只填入草稿；用户消息使用浅紫圆角气泡，助手 Markdown、表格和代码在消息区内滚动。文件或图片从输入框内添加，上传成功后以待发送卡片呈现，可移除本次携带；移除不会删除云端文件，添加不会自动发送。确认失败沿用同一文件和对话重试，发送前需完成或取消添加；支持仅发送附件，使用明确的附件提问。输入框的“＋”添加文件或图片；右上角“附件”打开右侧面板，按“你上传的”和“助手生成的”分组，支持再次选用已上传附件及保存明确交付的生成文件。生成文件仅取当前对话已保存助手回复中的本地文件链接（含图片与引用式链接），核对实际文件后展示和计数；只读取链接所在的文件夹，不遍历全部工作文件。未交付的脚本、缓存和工具记录不展示、不计数，明确交付的代码照常展示；仅写了路径的旧成果可能暂时隐藏，后续接入 Yuxi 的正式交付记录。没有文件时隐藏入口；打开、关闭面板保留聊天与输入，Escape 关闭并返回入口焦点；最近对话自动恢复、审批、停止和未发送内容的离开保护保留。模型返回的思考按消息独立于正文展示；正文到来后或完成时折叠，可手动展开；无思考或工具内容时不显示过程区。重连事件去重并隔离当前运行与主对话，终态历史未到达时保留已收到的片段并有限补读；服务端返回的最终回答思考可在历史中回看，不进入后续提问。历史回看需要配套 Yuxi API 的思考和工具记录投影；实时过程沿用既有事件流。平台工具和内置做事手册使用 Yuxi 下发的通俗名称与说明；逐条消息的思考、工具输入／结果／失败独立于 Markdown 正文，实时与历史工具卡片共用展示文案，展开可查看原始工具标识。个人上传手册保留作者文案，资源选择仍保存原始标识。头像上传、Main-owned Host API、访问隔离、费用与不可变版本规则保持；介绍留空需要配套 Yuxi DraftCreate/DraftSave 的空字符串契约。
+- `Makelore Agents｜AI 智能体`：从模块首页进入时先打开“我的智能体”卡片列表，保留此前对话与操作恢复记录；返回首页箭头与侧栏折叠按钮同排，折叠后仍可返回；智能体模块的侧栏只通过按钮点击或键盘激活展开，鼠标经过左侧、收纳按钮或顶栏不会展开，切换模块不沿用旧悬停预览；其他模块仍保留原预览方式。“我的智能体”使用浅紫对话机器人图标，“渠道”使用浅蓝连接节点图标。macOS 原生窗口按钮留出安全空间。首页围绕自己的智能体和创建入口，显示童趣问候“Hi，今天想创造还是想聊聊？”，不再显示更多、收到的分享、活动或归档筛选。卡片恢复原有尺寸与留白，显示名称、可为空的一句话介绍及状态，支持聊天、调整、继续制作和确认删除；删除沿用云端归档机制，移出列表并停用新调用，历史和费用保留。创建先填写名称并选择平台像素头像或上传头像，下一步进入独立配置。顶部名称有编辑图标，头像可点击修改；未设置头像时使用同一张默认像素头像，从创建到配置、改名、保存和重新打开保持一致。基础页为“介绍与提示词”，一句话介绍可留空，完整提示词保留原始文本；模型作为高级设置第一项必选，未选择时不能开始使用，草稿可分步保存，不自动选模型。介绍与提示词采用浅蓝介绍卡和浅紫提示词卡；高级设置按模型、工具箱（Tool）、做事手册（Skill）、MCP 服务和知识库纵向呈现；移除子智能体选择模块，保存其他配置时保留历史子智能体绑定，不再设内部分类切换；不展示 Tool/Skill 解释、资源开放规则提示、云端能力管理、费用上限或运行限制卡片，保存其他配置时保留既有运行限制，费用规则不变。顶层页签切换保留搜索、资源选择、知识表单及未保存输入。配置页移除聊天、自动任务和使用与接入导航，独立聊天仍从卡片进入，微信账号仍在侧栏渠道管理。草稿明确保存（Ctrl/⌘+S）；保存只更新草稿，“应用最新修改”使新配置生效，失败重试保持原操作身份；点击“开始使用”完成必要的私有启用后直接打开聊天，不再展示二次确认页；未保存修改、缺少模型、冲突或尚未确认的请求会留在配置页处理，打开聊天不自动发送消息。独立对话沿用奶油底色和浅蓝、浅紫、薄荷色：顶部展示返回、只读头像和名称；有附件时在同一行右侧显示回形针“附件”入口和文件数量，不展示调整、保存／应用状态、客户端／微信来源、费用／版本说明或历史／新对话图标；配置由列表卡片的“调整”进入。空对话展示当前智能体头像与名称，示例只填入草稿；用户消息使用浅紫圆角气泡，助手 Markdown、表格和代码在消息区内滚动。文件或图片从输入框内添加，上传成功后以待发送卡片呈现，可移除本次携带；移除不会删除云端文件，添加不会自动发送。确认失败沿用同一文件和对话重试，发送前需完成或取消添加；支持仅发送附件，使用明确的附件提问。输入框的“＋”添加文件或图片；右上角“附件”打开右侧面板，按“你上传的”和“助手生成的”分组，支持再次选用已上传附件及保存明确交付的生成文件。生成文件仅取当前对话已保存助手回复中的本地文件链接（含图片与引用式链接），核对实际文件后展示和计数；只读取链接所在的文件夹，不遍历全部工作文件。未交付的脚本、缓存和工具记录不展示、不计数，明确交付的代码照常展示；仅写了路径的旧成果可能暂时隐藏，后续接入 Yuxi 的正式交付记录。没有文件时隐藏入口；打开、关闭面板保留聊天与输入，Escape 关闭并返回入口焦点；最近对话自动恢复、审批、停止和未发送内容的离开保护保留。模型返回的思考按消息独立于正文展示；正文到来后或完成时折叠，可手动展开；无思考或工具内容时不显示过程区。重连事件去重并隔离当前运行与主对话，终态历史未到达时保留已收到的片段并有限补读；服务端返回的最终回答思考可在历史中回看，不进入后续提问。历史回看需要配套 Yuxi API 的思考和工具记录投影；实时过程沿用既有事件流。平台工具和内置做事手册使用 Yuxi 下发的通俗名称与说明；逐条消息的思考、工具输入／结果／失败独立于 Markdown 正文，实时与历史工具卡片共用展示文案，展开可查看原始工具标识。个人上传手册保留作者文案，资源选择仍保存原始标识。头像上传、Main-owned Host API、访问隔离、费用与不可变版本规则保持；介绍留空需要配套 Yuxi DraftCreate/DraftSave 的空字符串契约。
 
-  历史待确认记录收起在智能体列表标题区的「创建记录／待处理记录」入口，只有点击后才打开记录窗口；配置、聊天和创建页不再置顶这些旧提醒。记录保留智能体名称和原请求身份，用户可明确「再试一次」或「不再提醒」，不会自动重试或清除。当前创建失败继续在创建表单内提示；关闭记录窗口保留已收到的结果和密钥，切换配置、聊天或创建页后可返回列表继续查看。密钥须明确关闭结果后，才可处理其他记录。
+  个人智能体聊天在每条提问与回答下方显示云端记录的消息时间：今天显示时分，跨日增加日期，悬停可查看完整日期与秒数；发送时间与回复时间沿用原消息记录，重开对话不改为当前时间。流式回答尚无可靠时间时显示「回复中…」，历史到达后展示原时间；缺失或无效时间显示「时间未记录」。正式对话、草稿试用和上次试用对比使用相同规则，不新增 Yuxi 接口。
+
+  历史待确认记录收起在智能体列表标题区的「创建记录／待处理记录」入口，只有点击后才打开记录窗口；配置、聊天和创建页不再置顶这些旧提醒。记录保留智能体名称和原请求身份；应用设置的待确认记录显示“网络可能不稳定，请再点一次「应用」。”，点击「应用」继续原来的提交，成功后显示“设置已应用。”。其他记录仍可明确「再试一次」或「不再提醒」，不会自动重试或清除。当前创建失败继续在创建表单内提示；关闭记录窗口保留已收到的结果和密钥，切换配置、聊天或创建页后可返回列表继续查看。密钥须明确关闭结果后，才可处理其他记录。
 
   高级配置的知识库支持下拉多选，分为「MakeLore知识」和「我的知识库」，已选项可单独移除。MakeLore知识来自当前账号有权读取的 Yuxi 共享目录，只显示名称与简介；移除仅取消当前智能体选用，不删除原库。知识库区域上方左右分区，两张卡片在并排时保持等高：左侧「上传自己的文件」仅放「新建知识库」入口及展开的创建表单，右侧「查看我的知识库」通过下拉框查看本人知识库、从电脑追加资料和管理文件；下方独立「选择知识库」，选择智能体使用的「MakeLore知识」和「我的知识库」。小窗口按新建、查看、选用顺序纵向排列。创建成功后在右侧打开新库；新建和查看均不会自动加入智能体配置，选用上限不影响管理与新建。仅提供「从电脑上传」作为添加文件入口，未选择管理目标时上传按钮置灰；聊天文件导入入口已移除。上传后自动解析、建立索引并持续显示真实处理状态；失败可重试且保留已有可用内容。暂不可选用的个人库仍可管理文件，已有绑定保留并提示不可用；未确认请求在当前库保留同一操作身份供重试。知识库选择只改草稿，显式保存／应用后生效；个人云端执行已自动接入所选知识库的检索，无需另外勾选 knowledge-base Skill。此交互复用现有接口，无需新增后端补丁。
 
diff --git a/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudAccess.tsx b/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudAccess.tsx
index 4e09309e..5a2909ac 100644
--- a/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudAccess.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudAccess.tsx
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export function CloudAccessPanel({ slug, revision, publication, onChanged, activ
         <h2 className="font-medium">{access?.published_version ? '助手已准备好' : '准备好使用自己的助手了吗？'}</h2>
         <p className="mt-2 text-sm text-muted-foreground">{access?.published_version ? '应用最新修改后，新的对话会使用这次保存的要求。已有对话保留原来的版本。' : '开始使用后，只有你自己能用。以后还可以回来修改要求。'}</p>
         <p className="mt-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">微信渠道和应用接入需要单独配置。</p>
-      </div><Button disabled={busy || !access || (!publication.pending && publication.appliedRevision === revision)} onClick={() => void publish()}>{publication.busy ? '正在应用…' : publication.pending ? '重试本次发布' : publication.appliedRevision === revision ? '已应用最新修改' : access?.published_version ? '应用最新修改' : '确认开始使用'}</Button></div>
+      </div><Button disabled={busy || !access || (!publication.pending && publication.appliedRevision === revision)} onClick={() => void publish()}>{publication.busy ? '正在应用…' : publication.pending ? '应用' : publication.appliedRevision === revision ? '已应用最新修改' : access?.published_version ? '应用最新修改' : '确认开始使用'}</Button></div>
       <p className="mt-4 text-sm leading-6">自己使用、API 调用、自动任务和个人微信渠道产生的费用，均从你的个人词元点数扣除。你可以随时停用智能体或撤销应用凭据。</p>
       {access?.published_version && <div className="mt-4 flex items-center gap-3 text-sm"><span>{access.enabled ? '智能体已启用' : '智能体已停用'}</span>
         <Button variant="outline" size="sm" disabled={busy} onClick={() => void act(() => cloudAgentsApi.call('setEnabled', { slug, enabled: !access.enabled }))}>
diff --git a/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudChat.tsx b/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudChat.tsx
index cd504ed2..30ccdee0 100644
--- a/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudChat.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudChat.tsx
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import { CloudComposerAttachments } from './CloudComposerAttachments';
 import { CloudAvatar } from './CloudAvatar';
 import './desktop-workspace.css';
 import { CloudMessageBody } from './CloudMessageBody';
+import { MessageTimestamp } from '@/pages/Chat/MessageTimestamp';
+import { formatMessageTimestamp } from '@/lib/message-timestamp';
 import './agent-chat.css';
 import { CloudPendingContext, useCloudPendingState, usePendingCloudInput } from './CloudPending';
 import { agentExamples } from './agent-guidance';
@@ -23,6 +25,12 @@ const message = (e: unknown) => e instanceof Error ? e.message : '暂时无法
 const object = (v: unknown): Record<string, unknown> => v && typeof v === 'object' ? v as Record<string, unknown> : {};
 const savedMessage = (history: CloudHistory, message: CloudLiveMessage) => history.messages.some(saved =>
   saved.role === 'assistant' && saved.run_id === message.run_id && (!saved.message_id || saved.message_id === message.message_id));
+const recordedReplyTime = (history: CloudHistory | null, stream: CloudChatStream | null, message: CloudLiveMessage) => {
+  if (!history || history.thread_id !== stream?.threadId) return undefined;
+  const saved = history.messages.find(item => item.role === 'assistant' && item.message_id === message.message_id);
+  // Source IDs retain their recorded time even if an old message is replayed in a newer Run.
+  return formatMessageTimestamp(saved?.created_at) ? saved?.created_at : undefined;
+};
 
 export function CloudChat({ slug, previewRevision: latestRevision, initialThread, initialThreadId, onSchedule, activeView = true, headerAction, attachmentHeader, previewReady = true,
   assistantName = '助手', assistantAvatarUrl, examples = agentExamples(), hasUnsavedChanges = false, saveDisabled = false, onSaveForPreview }: {
@@ -351,14 +359,20 @@ export function CloudChat({ slug, previewRevision: latestRevision, initialThread
       {history && <TrialMessages history={{ ...history, messages: history.messages.filter(saved =>
         !(!liveHistoryReady && liveReply?.messages.some(item => saved.run_id === item.run_id && saved.message_id === item.message_id)),
       ) }} onError={setError} assistantName={assistantName} assistantAvatarUrl={assistantAvatarUrl} />}
-      {liveReply?.messages.filter(item => !liveHistoryReady || !history || !savedMessage(history, item)).map(item => <article key={item.run_id + ':' + item.message_id} className="agent-chat-message" data-role="assistant" aria-label="助手正在回复">
+      {liveReply?.messages.filter(item => !liveHistoryReady || !history || !savedMessage(history, item)).map(item => {
+        const timestamp = recordedReplyTime(history, liveReply, item);
+        const replying = running && runId === item.run_id && !liveReply.ended;
+        return <article key={item.run_id + ':' + item.message_id} className="agent-chat-message" data-role="assistant" aria-label="助手正在回复">
         <CloudAvatar src={assistantAvatarUrl} name={assistantName} className="agent-chat-message-avatar" />
         <div className="agent-chat-message-content"><p className="agent-chat-speaker">{assistantName}</p>
-          <div className="agent-chat-message-body"><CloudMessageBody {...item} active={running && runId === item.run_id && !liveReply.ended} onDownload={path => {
+          <div className="agent-chat-message-body"><CloudMessageBody {...item} active={replying} onDownload={path => {
             const id = thread?.thread_id ?? request?.thread_id;
             if (id) void cloudAgentsApi.download(id, path).catch(e => setError(message(e)));
-          }} /></div></div>
-      </article>)}
+          }} /></div>
+          <MessageTimestamp value={timestamp} pending={!timestamp && replying} label="回复时间" className="agent-chat-message-time" />
+        </div>
+      </article>;
+      })}
       {onSchedule && history?.schedule_proposals?.map(proposal => <article key={proposal.id} className="space-y-3 rounded-xl border border-violet-200 bg-violet-50/30 p-4 text-sm">
         <h3 className="font-medium">自动任务建议 · {proposal.name}</h3><p className="whitespace-pre-wrap">{proposal.prompt}</p>
         <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{proposal.cron_expression} · {proposal.timezone} · 尚未启用</p>
@@ -433,7 +447,9 @@ function TrialMessages({ history, onError, assistantName = '助手', assistantAv
     <div className="agent-chat-message-body">{item.role === 'user' ? <p className="whitespace-pre-wrap">{item.content}</p> :
       <CloudMessageBody content={item.content} reasoning_content={item.role === 'assistant' ? item.reasoning_content : undefined}
         tool_calls={item.role === 'assistant' ? item.tool_calls : undefined}
-        onDownload={path => void cloudAgentsApi.download(history.thread_id, path).catch(e => onError(message(e)))} />}</div></div>
+        onDownload={path => void cloudAgentsApi.download(history.thread_id, path).catch(e => onError(message(e)))} />}</div>
+      <MessageTimestamp value={item.created_at} label={item.role === 'user' ? '发送时间' : item.role === 'assistant' ? '回复时间' : '消息时间'} className="agent-chat-message-time" />
+    </div>
   </article>);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudRecovery.tsx b/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudRecovery.tsx
index 8a2506fd..91adc25e 100644
--- a/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudRecovery.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudRecovery.tsx
@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@ import { Dialog, DialogContent, DialogDescription, DialogFooter, DialogHeader, D
 import { cloudAgentsApi } from '@/lib/cloud-agents-api';
 import { AppError } from '@/lib/error-model';
 import type { CloudPendingOperation } from '../../../shared/cloud-agents';
+import { APPLICATION_RETRY_MESSAGE, applicationErrorMessage } from './application-message';
 
 const labels: Record<string, string> = {
-  createAgent: '创建智能体', submit: '发送消息', preview: '预览草稿', resume: '继续任务', publish: '发布版本',
+  createAgent: '创建智能体', submit: '发送消息', preview: '预览草稿', resume: '继续任务', publish: '应用设置',
   createApplication: '创建应用', createKey: '创建密钥', createKnowledge: '创建知识库', processKnowledge: '处理文档',
   createSchedule: '创建自动任务', runSchedule: '立即运行任务',
   importKnowledgeAttachment: '导入附件到知识库', createChild: '创建子智能体',
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ export function CloudRecovery({ pending, onResolved, triggerContainer }: { pendi
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState('');
   const [error, setError] = useState('');
+  const [errorRecord, setErrorRecord] = useState('');
   const [notice, setNotice] = useState('');
   const [result, setResult] = useState<{ operation: string; name?: string; value: unknown } | null>(null);
   const inFlight = useRef(false);
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ export function CloudRecovery({ pending, onResolved, triggerContainer }: { pendi
   const resolve = async (item: CloudPendingOperation, discard = false) => {
     if (inFlight.current || awaitingKeyClose.current) return;
     inFlight.current = true;
-    setBusy(item.id); setError(''); setNotice('');
+    setBusy(item.id); setError(''); setErrorRecord(''); setNotice('');
     try {
       const response = await cloudAgentsApi.resolvePending(item.id, discard);
       if (!alive.current) return;
@@ -54,7 +56,9 @@ export function CloudRecovery({ pending, onResolved, triggerContainer }: { pendi
       onResolved();
     } catch (e) {
       if (!alive.current) return;
-      const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : '这次没能完成，请稍后再试。';
+      setErrorRecord(item.id);
+      const message = item.operation === 'publish' && !discard ? applicationErrorMessage(e)
+        : e instanceof Error ? e.message : '这次没能完成，请稍后再试。';
       if (e instanceof AppError && e.details?.commandOutcome === 'definitive_failure') {
         setError(`${labels[item.operation] ?? '操作'}失败：${message}`);
         onResolved();
@@ -84,16 +88,19 @@ export function CloudRecovery({ pending, onResolved, triggerContainer }: { pendi
         : retiredChannelOperations.has(item.operation) ? '旧版联系人权限操作（已移除）' : labels[item.operation] ?? '待处理记录'}</h3>
         <p className="agent-recovery-time">{new Date(item.created_at).toLocaleString()}</p>
         {item.operation === 'createAgent' && <p className="agent-recovery-record-help">还不确定有没有创建成功，先看看列表里有没有它。</p>}
+        {item.operation === 'publish' && errorRecord !== item.id && <p className="agent-recovery-record-help">{APPLICATION_RETRY_MESSAGE}</p>}
         {typeof item.input.query === 'string' && <p className="mt-1 line-clamp-2 text-muted-foreground">{item.input.query}</p>}</div>
       {retiredChannelOperations.has(item.operation)
         ? <Button size="sm" variant="ghost" disabled={actionsDisabled} onClick={() => void resolve(item)}>{busy === item.id ? '正在丢弃…' : '丢弃旧记录'}</Button>
-        : <div className="agent-recovery-record-actions"><Button size="sm" disabled={actionsDisabled} onClick={() => void resolve(item)}>{busy === item.id ? '正在处理…' : '再试一次'}</Button>
+        : <div className="agent-recovery-record-actions"><Button size="sm" disabled={actionsDisabled} onClick={() => void resolve(item)}>{item.operation === 'publish'
+          ? busy === item.id ? '正在应用…' : '应用' : busy === item.id ? '正在处理…' : '再试一次'}</Button>
           <Button size="sm" variant="ghost" disabled={actionsDisabled} onClick={() => void resolve(item, true)}>不再提醒</Button></div>}
     </article>)}
     {result && <div className="agent-recovery-result space-y-2"><p>{result.operation === 'createAgent'
       ? `「${result.name || '智能体'}」创建成功，可以回到列表继续设置。`
+      : result.operation === 'publish' ? '设置已应用。'
       : `${labels[result.operation] ?? '操作'}的结果已确认。`}{result.operation === 'createKey' && '请保存下面的密钥。关闭结果后将无法再次查看。'}</p>
-      {result.operation !== 'createAgent' && <>
+      {result.operation !== 'createAgent' && result.operation !== 'publish' && <>
       <details open={result.operation === 'createKey'}><summary className="cursor-pointer">查看结果</summary>
         <pre className="max-h-48 overflow-auto whitespace-pre-wrap break-all p-2 text-xs">{JSON.stringify(result.value, null, 2)}</pre></details>
       </>}
diff --git a/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudResources.tsx b/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudResources.tsx
index 174c702e..af7aa4bc 100644
--- a/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudResources.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/CloudAgents/CloudResources.tsx
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ export function CloudResources({ onChanged }: { onChanged: () => void }) {
   return <details className="rounded-lg border p-4" onToggle={e => { if (e.currentTarget.open && !data) void act(refresh); }}>
     <summary className="min-h-8 cursor-pointer text-sm font-medium">管理我的云端能力</summary>
     <div className="mt-4 space-y-6 text-sm">
-      <p className="text-xs leading-5 text-muted-foreground">连接、做事手册和子智能体属于你的个人账号。创建后在上面的目录选用，保存并发布后生效。</p>
+      <p className="text-xs leading-5 text-muted-foreground">连接与做事手册属于你的个人账号。创建后在目录选用，保存并发布后生效。</p>
       {error && <p role="alert" className="text-destructive">{error} <Button variant="ghost" onClick={() => void act(refresh)}>刷新能力</Button></p>}
       <section className="space-y-3"><div className="flex items-center justify-between"><h3 className="font-medium">MCP 连接</h3><Button type="button" size="sm" variant="outline" disabled={busy || Boolean(mcp)} onClick={() => setMcp('new')}>添加 MCP</Button></div>
         <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">连接由云端访问。凭据只用于你的连接，分享调用可在你已发布的授权范围内使用这些工具。</p>
diff --git a/src/pages/CloudAgents/ConfigurationFields.tsx b/src/pages/CloudAgents/ConfigurationFields.tsx
index 8d8c8f63..74667e34 100644
--- a/src/pages/CloudAgents/ConfigurationFields.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/CloudAgents/ConfigurationFields.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
-import { BookOpen, Brain, Library, Plug, RefreshCw, Users, Wrench } from 'lucide-react';
+import { BookOpen, Brain, Library, Plug, RefreshCw, Wrench } from 'lucide-react';
 import { cloudAgentsApi } from '@/lib/cloud-agents-api';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ const resourceSections = [
   { key: 'tools', label: '工具箱', title: '工具箱（Tool）', icon: Wrench, tone: 'blue' },
   { key: 'skills', label: '做事手册', title: '做事手册（Skill）', icon: BookOpen, tone: 'lilac' },
   { key: 'mcps', label: 'MCP 服务', title: 'MCP 服务', icon: Plug, tone: 'neutral' },
-  { key: 'subagents', label: '子智能体', title: '子智能体', icon: Users, tone: 'neutral' },
   { key: 'knowledges', label: '知识库', title: '知识库', icon: Library, tone: 'mint' },
 ] as const;
 
diff --git a/src/pages/CloudAgents/DraftEditor.tsx b/src/pages/CloudAgents/DraftEditor.tsx
index c8134f1a..64dccb6b 100644
--- a/src/pages/CloudAgents/DraftEditor.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/CloudAgents/DraftEditor.tsx
@@ -154,11 +154,11 @@ export function DraftEditor({ initial, recent, onBack, onSaved, startingPrompt,
         title={dirty ? '请先保存草稿，再应用修改' : '将已保存的修改应用到正在使用的助手'}
         onClick={() => void publication.publish()}>
         {publication.busy && <Loader2 className="mr-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />}
-        {publication.busy ? '正在应用…' : publication.pending ? '重试本次应用' : !dirty && publication.appliedRevision === saved.draft_revision ? '已应用' : '应用最新修改'}
+        {publication.busy ? '正在应用…' : publication.pending ? '应用' : !dirty && publication.appliedRevision === saved.draft_revision ? '已应用' : '应用最新修改'}
       </Button>}
       {!saved.published_version && <Button className="min-h-10" variant="outline" disabled={busy || remote !== null || !publication.access} onClick={startUsing}>
         {publication.busy && <Loader2 className="mr-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />}
-        {publication.busy ? '正在开始…' : publication.pending ? '重试开始使用' : '开始使用'}
+        {publication.busy ? '正在开始…' : publication.pending ? '应用' : '开始使用'}
       </Button>}
       </>}
     </header>
diff --git a/src/pages/CloudAgents/agent-chat.css b/src/pages/CloudAgents/agent-chat.css
index d07a5aac..1de7ee92 100644
--- a/src/pages/CloudAgents/agent-chat.css
+++ b/src/pages/CloudAgents/agent-chat.css
@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@
 .agent-chat-message[data-role="user"] { align-self: flex-end; width: fit-content; max-width: 85%; padding: 14px 20px; border: 1px solid #e3d9f0; border-radius: 22px 22px 7px 22px; background: #f0e9f9; box-shadow: 0 2px 0 #e9e1f0; }
 .agent-chat-message[data-role="user"] .agent-chat-message-body p { margin: 0; }
 .agent-chat-message[data-role="user"] .agent-chat-speaker { color: #75628e; }
+.agent-chat-message-time { margin-top: 6px; font-size: 12px; }
+.agent-chat-message[data-role="user"] .agent-chat-message-time { text-align: right; }
 .agent-chat-styled .agent-chat-message-body :is(pre, table) { display: block; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; }
 .agent-chat-styled .agent-chat-message-body pre { padding: 14px 16px; border: 1px solid #e4e2dc; border-radius: 13px; background: #f3f2ef; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; overflow-wrap: normal; }
 .agent-chat-styled .agent-chat-message-body img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 12px; }
diff --git a/src/pages/CloudAgents/application-message.ts b/src/pages/CloudAgents/application-message.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d59aa8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pages/CloudAgents/application-message.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { AppError } from '@/lib/error-model';
+
+export const APPLICATION_RETRY_MESSAGE = '网络可能不稳定，请再点一次「应用」。';
+
+export function applicationErrorMessage(error: unknown): string {
+  if (error instanceof AppError) {
+    const status = error.details?.status;
+    const rejected = error.details?.commandOutcome === 'definitive_failure'
+      || (typeof status === 'number' && status >= 400 && status < 500);
+    if (!rejected && (error.code === 'NETWORK' || error.code === 'TIMEOUT'
+      || error.details?.backendCode === 'cloud_service_unavailable')) {
+      return APPLICATION_RETRY_MESSAGE;
+    }
+  }
+  return error instanceof Error ? error.message : '操作失败，请重试';
+}
diff --git a/src/pages/CloudAgents/useCloudPublication.ts b/src/pages/CloudAgents/useCloudPublication.ts
index 5fd01346..ade81003 100644
--- a/src/pages/CloudAgents/useCloudPublication.ts
+++ b/src/pages/CloudAgents/useCloudPublication.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { cloudAgentsApi } from '@/lib/cloud-agents-api';
 import type { CloudAccess, CloudAgentOperations } from '../../../shared/cloud-agents';
+import { applicationErrorMessage } from './application-message';
 
 type Publication = CloudAgentOperations['publish']['output'];
 type PublishInput = { operation_id: string; expected_revision: number };
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ export function useCloudPublication(slug: string, revision: number, onPublished:
       onPublished(result);
       await refresh();
     } catch (failure) {
-      if (alive.current) setError(errorText(failure));
+      if (alive.current) setError(applicationErrorMessage(failure));
     } finally {
       publishing.current = false;
       if (alive.current) setBusy(false);
diff --git a/tests/e2e/cloud-agent-recovery.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/cloud-agent-recovery.spec.ts
index cd8e58b1..5dc0a5ac 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/cloud-agent-recovery.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/e2e/cloud-agent-recovery.spec.ts
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ type FixtureCall = { path: string; method: string; input: Record<string, unknown
 type RecoveryFixture = { agents: CloudAgentDraft[]; pending: CloudPendingOperation[]; retry: 'fail' | 'success'; calls: FixtureCall[] };
 type FixtureWindow = Window & { __recoveryFixture: RecoveryFixture };
 
-async function installFixture(page: Page, count = 2) {
+async function installFixture(page: Page, count = 2, publication = false) {
   page.on('pageerror', error => { throw error; });
   await page.addInitScript(({ agent, records, retryError }) => {
     const scope = window as unknown as FixtureWindow;
@@ -104,7 +104,12 @@ async function installFixture(page: Page, count = 2) {
           const record = state.pending.find(item => item.id === input?.id);
           if (!record) throw new Error('Recovery must keep the original pending id');
           if (input?.discard) { state.pending = state.pending.filter(item => item.id !== record.id); return result({ discarded: true }); }
-          if (state.retry === 'fail') return { ok: true, data: { status: 503, ok: false, json: { error: retryError } } };
+          if (state.retry === 'fail') return { ok: true, data: { status: 503, ok: false, json: { error: retryError,
+            ...(record.operation === 'publish' ? { code: 'cloud_service_unavailable', commandOutcome: 'unknown' } : {}) } } };
+          if (record.operation === 'publish') {
+            state.pending = state.pending.filter(item => item.id !== record.id);
+            return result({ operation: 'publish', result: { version: 1, draft_revision: record.input.expected_revision } });
+          }
           const created = { ...agent, slug: 'ml-' + 'b'.repeat(32), name: String(record.input.name), published_version: null };
           state.agents.push(created); state.pending = state.pending.filter(item => item.id !== record.id);
           return result({ operation: 'createAgent', result: created });
@@ -124,7 +129,9 @@ async function installFixture(page: Page, count = 2) {
         }
       },
     } } });
-  }, { agent, records: records.slice(0, count), retryError });
+  }, { agent, records: publication ? [{ id: 'e2e-publish-original', operation: 'publish',
+    input: { slug: agent.slug, operation_id: 'e2e-publish-original', expected_revision: 1 }, created_at: records[0].created_at }]
+    : records.slice(0, count), retryError });
 }
 
 async function recoveryCalls(page: Page) {
@@ -192,6 +199,27 @@ test('retry keeps the same pending identity and errors remain inside the modal',
   expect(await recoveryCalls(page)).toHaveLength(2);
 });
 
+test('an application reminder gives a simple action and reuses its record after a network failure', async ({ page }) => {
+  await page.setViewportSize({ width: 375, height: 850 }); await installFixture(page, 1, true); await page.goto(baseUrl);
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: /^待处理记录/ }).click();
+  const dialog = page.getByRole('dialog', { name: '待处理记录', exact: true });
+  await expect(dialog.getByRole('heading', { name: '应用设置', exact: true })).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(dialog.getByText('网络可能不稳定，请再点一次「应用」。', { exact: true })).toBeVisible();
+  expect(await recoveryCalls(page)).toEqual([]);
+  const apply = dialog.getByRole('button', { name: '应用', exact: true });
+  await apply.click();
+  await expect(dialog.getByRole('alert')).toHaveText('网络可能不稳定，请再点一次「应用」。');
+  await expect(apply).toBeEnabled(); await expectModalFits(dialog);
+  await page.screenshot({ path: test.info().outputPath('application-message-375.png'), animations: 'disabled' });
+  await page.evaluate(() => { (window as unknown as FixtureWindow).__recoveryFixture.retry = 'success'; });
+  await apply.click();
+  await expect(dialog.getByText('设置已应用。', { exact: true })).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(dialog.getByText('查看结果', { exact: true })).toHaveCount(0);
+  expect((await recoveryCalls(page)).map(call => call.input)).toEqual([
+    { id: 'e2e-publish-original', discard: false }, { id: 'e2e-publish-original', discard: false },
+  ]);
+});
+
 test('discard is explicit and reminders do not follow into configuration, chat or creation', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.setViewportSize({ width: 375, height: 850 }); await installFixture(page); await page.goto(baseUrl);
   const trigger = page.getByRole('button', { name: /^创建记录/ });
diff --git a/tests/e2e/cloud-agents.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/cloud-agents.spec.ts
index 5b622356..35298a3c 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/cloud-agents.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/e2e/cloud-agents.spec.ts
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ test('personal cloud Agent identity, configuration and separate published chat i
       const knowledgeFile = { file_id: 'document', name: '本体（Ontology）学习路线图.pdf', size: 34000, error: null };
       let limits: { request_limit_points: string | null; daily_limit_points: string | null } = { request_limit_points: null, daily_limit_points: null };
       const jobs: Record<string, unknown>[] = [];
-      const configuration = { model: '', tools: [], knowledges: [], mcps: [], skills: [], preload_skills: [], subagents: [], tool_approval_mode: 'default', max_execution_steps: 40, max_output_tokens: 4096, max_run_seconds: 600 };
+      const configuration = { model: '', tools: [], knowledges: [], mcps: [], skills: [], preload_skills: [], subagents: ['historical-child'], tool_approval_mode: 'default', max_execution_steps: 40, max_output_tokens: 4096, max_run_seconds: 600 };
       const result = (json: unknown) => ({ ok: true, data: { status: 200, ok: true, json } });
       ipcMain.removeHandler('hostapi:fetch');
       ipcMain.handle('hostapi:fetch', async (_event, request: { path?: string; method?: string; body?: string }) => {
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ test('personal cloud Agent identity, configuration and separate published chat i
             if (body.operation === 'submit' || body.operation === 'preview') return result({ request_id: input.request_id, thread_id: 'thread-1', run_id: 'run-1', version: '1', status: 'dispatched' });
             if (body.operation === 'history') return result({ thread_id: 'thread-1', next_offset: null,
               queued_requests: [], schedule_proposals: [{ id: 'proposal', name: '每天整理选题', prompt: '每天给我三个适合个人创作的选题', cron_expression: '30 8 * * *', timezone: 'Asia/Shanghai' }],
-              messages: [{ id: 1, role: 'user', content: '先给我一些创作建议' }, { id: 2, role: 'assistant', content: '## 创作建议\n先从一个真实的观察开始。\n\n' + '记录今天的一次观察，把具体场景、你的感受和想分享的发现写下来。\n\n'.repeat(22) }],
+              messages: [{ id: 1, role: 'user', content: '先给我一些创作建议', created_at: '2026-10-13T09:24:30Z' }, { id: 2, role: 'assistant', created_at: '2026-10-13T09:25:40Z', content: '## 创作建议\n先从一个真实的观察开始。\n\n' + '记录今天的一次观察，把具体场景、你的感受和想分享的发现写下来。\n\n'.repeat(22) }],
               run: { agent_run_id: 'run-1', request_id: 'request-1', thread_id: 'thread-1', status: 'completed', version: '1' } });
             if (body.operation === 'viewed') return result({ viewed: true });
             if (body.operation === 'attachments') return result({ attachments: [] });
@@ -244,6 +244,8 @@ test('personal cloud Agent identity, configuration and separate published chat i
     await expect(page.getByText('给它一本手册，照着方法做。', { exact: true })).toHaveCount(0);
     await expect(page.getByText('管理我的云端能力', { exact: true })).toHaveCount(0);
     await expect(page.getByText('未选择的资源不会开放给此智能体。通过微信或 API 使用时也遵循本配置。', { exact: true })).toHaveCount(0);
+    await expect(page.getByRole('group', { name: '子智能体', exact: true })).toHaveCount(0);
+    await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: '选择子智能体', exact: true })).toHaveCount(0);
     await expect(page.getByRole('group', { name: /^知识库/ })).toBeVisible();
     await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: '费用上限', exact: true })).toHaveCount(0);
     await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: '运行限制', exact: true })).toHaveCount(0);
@@ -263,7 +265,7 @@ test('personal cloud Agent identity, configuration and separate published chat i
     await expect(prompt).toHaveValue(initialPrompt);
     await page.getByRole('button', { name: '保存草稿', exact: true }).click();
     await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: '已保存', exact: true })).toBeDisabled();
-    expect((await fixtureState()).draft).toMatchObject({ purpose: '一起梳理故事和文章', system_prompt: initialPrompt, configuration: { model: 'reasoning-model', tools: ['fixture-tool'] } });
+    expect((await fixtureState()).draft).toMatchObject({ purpose: '一起梳理故事和文章', system_prompt: initialPrompt, configuration: { model: 'reasoning-model', tools: ['fixture-tool'], subagents: ['historical-child'] } });
     await editor.getByRole('button', { name: '我的智能体', exact: true }).click();
     const card = page.getByRole('article', { name: '我的写作搭档', exact: true });
     await expect(card.getByText('一起梳理故事和文章', { exact: true })).toBeVisible();
@@ -328,6 +330,11 @@ test('personal cloud Agent identity, configuration and separate published chat i
     expect(await messageOperations()).toEqual(['submit']);
     const userBubble = formalChat.locator('.agent-chat-message[data-role="user"]');
     await expect(userBubble).toHaveText(/先给我一些创作建议/);
+    await expect(userBubble.locator('time')).toHaveAttribute('datetime', '2026-10-13T09:24:30.000Z');
+    await expect(userBubble.locator('time')).toHaveAccessibleName(/^发送时间：/);
+    const answerTime = formalChat.locator('.agent-chat-message[data-role="assistant"] time');
+    await expect(answerTime).toHaveAttribute('datetime', '2026-10-13T09:25:40.000Z');
+    await expect(answerTime).toHaveAccessibleName(/^回复时间：/);
     const bubbleStyle = await userBubble.evaluate(element => {
       const style = getComputedStyle(element);
       return { background: style.backgroundColor, radius: Number.parseFloat(style.borderTopLeftRadius) };
diff --git a/tests/unit/cloud-agent-start-use.test.tsx b/tests/unit/cloud-agent-start-use.test.tsx
index 6965682f..136dbbec 100644
--- a/tests/unit/cloud-agent-start-use.test.tsx
+++ b/tests/unit/cloud-agent-start-use.test.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { act, cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { createMemoryRouter, RouterProvider } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { AppError } from '@/lib/error-model';
 import CloudAgents from '@/pages/CloudAgents';
 import { EMPTY_CLOUD_CONFIGURATION } from '../../shared/cloud-agents';
 
@@ -149,17 +150,17 @@ it('retries an uncertain activation with the original operation and keeps pendin
   const base = api.call.getMockImplementation()!;
   let attempts = 0;
   api.call.mockImplementation(async (operation, input) => {
-    if (operation === 'publish' && ++attempts === 1) throw new Error('连接中断');
+    if (operation === 'publish' && ++attempts === 1) throw new AppError('NETWORK', '连接中断', undefined, { commandOutcome: 'unknown' });
     return base(operation, input);
   });
   await openConfiguration();
   fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '开始使用', exact: true }));
-  await screen.findByText(/连接中断/);
+  await screen.findByText(/网络可能不稳定，请再点一次「应用」。/);
   expect(screen.queryByRole('region', { name: '智能体对话' })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   const unload = new Event('beforeunload', { cancelable: true });
   window.dispatchEvent(unload);
   expect(unload.defaultPrevented).toBe(true);
-  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '重试开始使用', exact: true }));
+  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '应用', exact: true }));
   expect(await screen.findByRole('region', { name: '智能体对话' })).toBeVisible();
   expect(publications()).toHaveLength(2);
   expect(publications()[1][1]).toEqual(publications()[0][1]);
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ it('keeps a newer saved revision unapplied when retry resolves the original unce
       versions: activated ? [{ version: 1, draft_revision: 3, created_at: '' }] : [],
     };
     if (operation === 'publish') {
-      if (++attempts === 1) throw new Error('连接中断');
+      if (++attempts === 1) throw new AppError('NETWORK', '连接中断', undefined, { commandOutcome: 'unknown' });
       activated = true;
       current = { ...current, published_version: 1 };
       return { version: 1, draft_revision: input.expected_revision };
@@ -189,11 +190,11 @@ it('keeps a newer saved revision unapplied when retry resolves the original unce
   });
   await openConfiguration();
   fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '开始使用', exact: true }));
-  await screen.findByText(/连接中断/);
+  await screen.findByText(/网络可能不稳定，请再点一次「应用」。/);
   fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText('提示词'), { target: { value: '这次新保存的要求' } });
   fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '保存草稿', exact: true }));
   await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '已保存', exact: true })).toBeDisabled());
-  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '重试开始使用', exact: true }));
+  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '应用', exact: true }));
   expect(await screen.findByRole('region', { name: '智能体对话' })).toBeVisible();
   expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: '应用最新修改', exact: true })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '返回智能体列表', exact: true }));
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ it('keeps successful activation and conversation when the following status read
   expect(await screen.findByRole('region', { name: '智能体对话' })).toBeVisible();
   await waitFor(() => expect(api.call.mock.calls.filter(([operation]) => operation === 'access')).toHaveLength(2));
   expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: '已应用', exact: true })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
-  expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: '重试开始使用', exact: true })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: '应用', exact: true })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   expect(screen.queryByText(/状态刷新失败/)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '返回智能体列表', exact: true }));
   fireEvent.click(await screen.findByRole('button', { name: '调整', exact: true }));
diff --git a/tests/unit/cloud-agent-subagent-selector.test.tsx b/tests/unit/cloud-agent-subagent-selector.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..22b5f085
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/cloud-agent-subagent-selector.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { useState } from 'react';
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen, within } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { afterEach, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { ConfigurationFields } from '@/pages/CloudAgents/ConfigurationFields';
+import { EMPTY_CLOUD_CONFIGURATION, type CloudAgentConfiguration } from '../../shared/cloud-agents';
+
+const api = vi.hoisted(() => ({ call: vi.fn() }));
+vi.mock('@/lib/cloud-agents-api', () => ({ cloudAgentsApi: api }));
+afterEach(() => { cleanup(); vi.resetAllMocks(); });
+
+it('removes subagent selection while other capability edits preserve historical bindings', async () => {
+  api.call.mockImplementation(async operation => {
+    if (operation === 'catalog') return {
+      models: [{ id: 'old-model', name: '原模型' }, { id: 'new-model', name: '新模型' }],
+      resources: {
+        tools: [{ key: 'tool', name: '查询工具' }], skills: [{ key: 'skill', name: '研究手册' }],
+        mcps: [{ key: 'mcp', name: '资料连接' }], knowledges: [{ key: 'kb', name: '已有资料' }],
+        subagents: [{ key: 'historical-child', name: '调研探索员' }],
+      },
+    };
+    if (operation === 'knowledge') return { databases: [], models: [] };
+    throw new Error('Unexpected operation ' + operation);
+  });
+  const initial: CloudAgentConfiguration = {
+    ...EMPTY_CLOUD_CONFIGURATION, model: 'old-model', subagents: ['historical-child', 'missing-child'],
+    max_execution_steps: 30, max_output_tokens: 2048, max_run_seconds: 300,
+  };
+  const changed = vi.fn();
+  function Harness() {
+    const [value, setValue] = useState(initial);
+    return <ConfigurationFields slug={'ml-' + 'a'.repeat(32)} value={value} disabled={false}
+      onChange={next => { changed(next); setValue(next); }} />;
+  }
+  render(<Harness />);
+  await screen.findByRole('option', { name: '新模型' });
+  expect(screen.queryByRole('group', { name: '子智能体', exact: true })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: '选择子智能体', exact: true })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(screen.queryByText('调研探索员')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(screen.queryByText(/missing-child/)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(changed).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  fireEvent.change(screen.getByRole('combobox', { name: '模型' }), { target: { value: 'new-model' } });
+  for (const [button, checkbox] of [['选择工具箱', '查询工具'], ['选择做事手册', '研究手册'], ['选择MCP 服务', '资料连接']]) {
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: button, exact: true }));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('checkbox', { name: checkbox, exact: true }));
+  }
+  await within(screen.getByRole('combobox', { name: '选择知识库' })).findByRole('option', { name: '已有资料' });
+  fireEvent.change(screen.getByRole('combobox', { name: '选择知识库' }), { target: { value: 'kb' } });
+  expect(changed).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith({
+    ...initial, model: 'new-model', tools: ['tool'], skills: ['skill'], mcps: ['mcp'], knowledges: ['kb'],
+  });
+  expect(api.call.mock.calls.every(([operation]) => ['catalog', 'knowledge'].includes(operation))).toBe(true);
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/cloud-agents-guidance.test.tsx b/tests/unit/cloud-agents-guidance.test.tsx
index 0bd942c8..2d0d56dc 100644
--- a/tests/unit/cloud-agents-guidance.test.tsx
+++ b/tests/unit/cloud-agents-guidance.test.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { CloudApproval, CloudChat } from '@/pages/CloudAgents/CloudChat';
 import { AgentRequirements } from '@/pages/CloudAgents/AgentRequirements';
 import { CloudAccessPanel as AccessPanel } from '@/pages/CloudAgents/CloudAccess';
 
+import { AppError } from '@/lib/error-model';
 import { useCloudPublication } from '@/pages/CloudAgents/useCloudPublication';
 
 function CloudAccessPanel(props: { slug: string; revision: number; onPublished: () => void }) {
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ it('starts private use through the existing publication action and retains its i
   let attempts = 0;
   api.call.mockImplementation(async (operation, input) => {
     if (operation === 'access') return { published_version: published ? 1 : null, enabled: true, versions: [], grants: [], applications: [] };
-    if (operation === 'publish') { if (++attempts === 1) throw new Error('连接中断'); published = true; return { version: 1, draft_revision: input.expected_revision }; }
+    if (operation === 'publish') { if (++attempts === 1) throw new AppError('NETWORK', '连接中断', undefined, { commandOutcome: 'unknown' }); published = true; return { version: 1, draft_revision: input.expected_revision }; }
     if (operation === 'costs') return { items: [], next_offset: null, summary: {} };
     if (operation === 'channelBindings') return { items: [] };
     return base(operation, input);
@@ -53,9 +54,9 @@ it('starts private use through the existing publication action and retains its i
   await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '确认开始使用' })).toBeEnabled());
   expect(screen.queryByLabelText('应用名称')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '确认开始使用' }));
-  await screen.findByText(/连接中断/);
+  await screen.findByText(/网络可能不稳定，请再点一次「应用」。/);
   view.rerender(<CloudAccessPanel slug={slug} revision={3} onPublished={onPublished} />);
-  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '重试本次发布' }));
+  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '应用' }));
   await screen.findByText('助手已准备好');
   const publications = api.call.mock.calls.filter(([operation]) => operation === 'publish');
   expect(publications).toHaveLength(2);
@@ -65,6 +66,24 @@ it('starts private use through the existing publication action and retains its i
   expect(api.call.mock.calls.some(([operation]) => operation === 'share' || operation === 'createApplication')).toBe(false);
 });
 
+it.each([
+  { status: 401, code: 'session_expired', message: '请重新登录' },
+  { status: 403, code: 'access_revoked', message: '无权使用这个智能体' },
+  { status: 409, code: 'draft_revision_conflict', message: '云端草稿已更新' },
+  { status: 422, code: 'invalid_input', message: '请选择模型' },
+  { status: 429, code: 'cloud_service_unavailable', message: '请求过于频繁，请稍后再试' },
+])('keeps the actual application rejection for HTTP $status', async ({ status, code, message }) => {
+  api.call.mockImplementation(async operation => {
+    if (operation === 'access') return { published_version: null, enabled: true, versions: [], grants: [], applications: [] };
+    throw new AppError('UNKNOWN', message, undefined, { status, backendCode: code, commandOutcome: 'unknown' });
+  });
+  render(<CloudAccessPanel slug={slug} revision={2} onPublished={vi.fn()} />);
+  await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '确认开始使用' })).toBeEnabled());
+  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '确认开始使用' }));
+  expect(await screen.findByRole('alert')).toHaveTextContent(message);
+  expect(screen.getByRole('alert')).not.toHaveTextContent('网络可能不稳定');
+});
+
 it('preserves the entire prompt when displaying and editing former style instruction lines', () => {
   const initial = '我的规则\n\n  保留缩进和解释。\n使用简单易懂的语言，遇到新词先解释。\n把任务拆成小步骤，一次引导我完成一步。\n先给我提示和思考问题，让我尝试后再补充答案。\n';
   const edited = '先给我提示和思考问题，让我尝试后再补充答案。\n\n    我的新规则\n使用简单易懂的语言，遇到新词先解释。\n把任务拆成小步骤，一次引导我完成一步。\n\n';
diff --git a/tests/unit/cloud-agents-page.test.tsx b/tests/unit/cloud-agents-page.test.tsx
index 3e3c86b9..0ab04ff7 100644
--- a/tests/unit/cloud-agents-page.test.tsx
+++ b/tests/unit/cloud-agents-page.test.tsx
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@ it('retries a failed application from the header using the original publication
   await screen.findByText('修改已保存，尚未应用');
   fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '应用最新修改', exact: true }));
   await screen.findByText(/连接中断/);
-  expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '重试本次应用' })).toBeEnabled();
-  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '重试本次应用' }));
+  expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '应用' })).toBeEnabled();
+  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '应用' }));
   await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '已应用', exact: true })).toBeDisabled());
   const calls = api.call.mock.calls.filter(([operation]) => operation === 'publish');
   expect(calls).toHaveLength(2);
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ it('keeps a successful application confirmed when its following status refresh f
   fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '应用最新修改', exact: true }));
   await screen.findByText(/状态刷新失败/);
   expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '已应用', exact: true })).toBeDisabled();
-  expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: '重试本次应用' })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: '应用' })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '刷新应用状态' }));
   await waitFor(() => expect(api.call.mock.calls.filter(([operation]) => operation === 'access')).toHaveLength(3));
   expect(api.call.mock.calls.filter(([operation]) => operation === 'publish')).toHaveLength(1);
diff --git a/tests/unit/cloud-chat-timestamps.test.tsx b/tests/unit/cloud-chat-timestamps.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d581f340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/cloud-chat-timestamps.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+import { act, cleanup, render, screen, waitFor, within } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { CloudChat } from '@/pages/CloudAgents/CloudChat';
+import type { CloudHistory, CloudMessage, CloudRun, CloudThread } from '../../shared/cloud-agents';
+
+const api = vi.hoisted(() => ({ call: vi.fn(), events: vi.fn(), recovery: vi.fn(), remember: vi.fn(), download: vi.fn() }));
+vi.mock('@/lib/cloud-agents-api', () => ({ cloudAgentsApi: api }));
+class Stream extends EventTarget { close = vi.fn(); onopen = null; onerror = null; }
+let stream: Stream;
+let history: CloudHistory;
+const now = new Date(2026, 9, 13, 17, 30, 40);
+const sent = new Date(2026, 9, 13, 17, 24, 12).toISOString();
+const replied = new Date(2026, 9, 13, 17, 25, 34).toISOString();
+const run: CloudRun = { agent_run_id: 'run', request_id: 'request', thread_id: 'thread', agent_slug: 'agent', status: 'running', output: '', version: '1' };
+const thread: CloudThread = { thread_id: 'thread', client_thread_id: 'client', agent_slug: 'agent', mode: 'published', status: 'running', title: '对话', updated_at: '', unread: false, run_id: 'run' };
+const saved = (fields: Partial<CloudMessage> = {}): CloudMessage => ({
+  id: 1, role: 'assistant', message_id: 'answer', run_id: 'run', request_id: 'request', created_at: replied, content: '已经保存的回答', ...fields,
+});
+const articleFor = (text: string) => {
+  const article = screen.getByText(text).closest('article');
+  expect(article).not.toBeNull();
+  return article!;
+};
+async function emitAnswer(id = 'answer', content = '正在写的回答') {
+  await act(async () => stream.dispatchEvent(new MessageEvent('messages', {
+    lastEventId: '100-1', data: JSON.stringify({ run_id: 'run', thread_id: 'thread', payload: {
+      items: [{ stream_event: { type: 'message_delta', message_id: id, content } }],
+    } }),
+  })));
+}
+async function finish(status = 'completed') {
+  await act(async () => stream.dispatchEvent(new MessageEvent('end', {
+    lastEventId: '100-1', data: JSON.stringify({ run_id: 'run', thread_id: 'thread', payload: { status } }),
+  })));
+}
+beforeEach(() => {
+  vi.resetAllMocks();
+  vi.useFakeTimers({ toFake: ['Date'] });
+  vi.setSystemTime(now);
+  stream = new Stream();
+  history = { thread_id: 'thread', messages: [], run, next_offset: null };
+  api.recovery.mockResolvedValue({ recent: null, pending: [] });
+  api.remember.mockResolvedValue({});
+  api.events.mockResolvedValue(stream);
+  api.call.mockImplementation(async (operation: string) => {
+    if (operation === 'threads') return { threads: [thread], next_offset: null };
+    if (operation === 'history') return history;
+    if (operation === 'run') return history.run;
+    if (operation === 'files') return { files: [] };
+    if (operation === 'attachments') return { attachments: [] };
+    if (operation === 'viewed') return {};
+    throw new Error(operation);
+  });
+});
+afterEach(() => { cleanup(); vi.useRealTimers(); });
+
+it('displays cloud creation times for sent questions and replies with semantic time and full precision', async () => {
+  history = { ...history, run: { ...run, status: 'completed' }, messages: [
+    saved({ id: 1, role: 'user', message_id: 'question', created_at: sent, content: '已经发送的问题' }),
+    saved({ id: 2 }),
+  ] };
+  const view = render(<CloudChat slug="agent" />);
+  await screen.findByText('已经保存的回答');
+  const questionTime = within(articleFor('已经发送的问题')).getByLabelText('发送时间：2026年10月13日 17:24:12');
+  expect(questionTime.tagName).toBe('TIME');
+  expect(questionTime).toHaveTextContent(/^17:24$/);
+  expect(questionTime).toHaveAttribute('datetime', sent);
+  expect(questionTime).toHaveAttribute('title', '2026年10月13日 17:24:12');
+  const replyTime = within(articleFor('已经保存的回答')).getByLabelText('回复时间：2026年10月13日 17:25:34');
+  expect(replyTime).toHaveTextContent(/^17:25$/);
+  expect(replyTime).toHaveAttribute('datetime', replied);
+  expect(view.container.querySelectorAll('time')).toHaveLength(2);
+  expect(api.events).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+});
+
+it('includes the date for older messages and the year when needed', async () => {
+  const yesterday = new Date(2026, 9, 12, 23, 59, 58).toISOString();
+  const lastYear = new Date(2025, 9, 12, 9, 5, 6).toISOString();
+  history = { ...history, run: { ...run, status: 'completed' }, messages: [
+    saved({ id: 1, role: 'user', created_at: yesterday, content: '昨天的问题' }),
+    saved({ id: 2, created_at: lastYear, content: '去年的回答' }),
+  ] };
+  render(<CloudChat slug="agent" />);
+  await screen.findByText('去年的回答');
+  expect(within(articleFor('昨天的问题')).getByText('10月12日 23:59')).toHaveAttribute('datetime', yesterday);
+  expect(within(articleFor('去年的回答')).getByText('2025年10月12日 09:05')).toHaveAttribute('title', '2025年10月12日 09:05:06');
+});
+
+it('does not fabricate timestamps for legacy or invalid cloud records', async () => {
+  history = { ...history, run: { ...run, status: 'completed' }, messages: [
+    saved({ id: 1, role: 'user', created_at: '', content: '没有记录时间的问题' }),
+    saved({ id: 2, created_at: 'invalid-date', content: '时间无效的回答' }),
+  ] };
+  const view = render(<CloudChat slug="agent" />);
+  await screen.findByText('时间无效的回答');
+  expect(within(articleFor('没有记录时间的问题')).getByText('时间未记录')).toHaveAttribute('data-message-time', 'unknown');
+  expect(within(articleFor('时间无效的回答')).getByText('时间未记录')).toHaveAttribute('data-message-time', 'unknown');
+  expect(view.container.querySelector('time')).toBeNull();
+});
+
+it('preserves the original cloud timestamp when a conversation is read again on a later day', async () => {
+  history = { ...history, run: { ...run, status: 'completed' }, messages: [saved()] };
+  const view = render(<CloudChat slug="agent" />);
+  await screen.findByText('已经保存的回答');
+  expect(within(articleFor('已经保存的回答')).getByText('17:25')).toHaveAttribute('datetime', replied);
+  view.unmount();
+  vi.setSystemTime(new Date(2026, 9, 14, 10, 0, 0));
+  render(<CloudChat slug="agent" />);
+  await screen.findByText('已经保存的回答');
+  expect(within(articleFor('已经保存的回答')).getByText('10月13日 17:25')).toHaveAttribute('datetime', replied);
+  expect(api.call.mock.calls.filter(([operation]) => operation === 'history')).toHaveLength(2);
+});
+
+it('replaces the pending reply marker with its authoritative cloud timestamp once, after final history arrives', async () => {
+  const view = render(<CloudChat slug="agent" />);
+  await waitFor(() => expect(api.events).toHaveBeenCalledWith('run'));
+  await emitAnswer();
+  expect(within(articleFor('正在写的回答')).getByText('回复中…')).toHaveAttribute('data-message-time', 'pending');
+  expect(view.container.querySelector('time')).toBeNull();
+  history = { ...history, run: { ...run, status: 'completed' }, messages: [saved({ content: '完整的已保存回答' })] };
+  await finish();
+  await screen.findByText('完整的已保存回答');
+  expect(screen.queryByText('正在写的回答')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(screen.queryByText('回复中…')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(view.container.querySelectorAll('time')).toHaveLength(1);
+  expect(within(articleFor('完整的已保存回答')).getByLabelText('回复时间：2026年10月13日 17:25:34')).toHaveAttribute('datetime', replied);
+});
+
+it('keeps a known source timestamp when live content replaces its partial saved history', async () => {
+  history = { ...history, messages: [saved({ content: '已保存的片段' })] };
+  const view = render(<CloudChat slug="agent" />);
+  await waitFor(() => expect(api.events).toHaveBeenCalled());
+  await emitAnswer('answer', '实时补全的回答');
+  expect(screen.queryByText('已保存的片段')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(within(articleFor('实时补全的回答')).getByLabelText('回复时间：2026年10月13日 17:25:34')).toHaveAttribute('datetime', replied);
+  expect(view.container.querySelectorAll('time')).toHaveLength(1);
+  expect(screen.queryByText('回复中…')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+});
+
+it('retains the original date if an older source message is replayed by a newer run', async () => {
+  const oldTime = new Date(2026, 9, 11, 8, 15, 3).toISOString();
+  history = { ...history, messages: [saved({ run_id: 'old-run', request_id: 'old-request', created_at: oldTime, content: '旧回答的历史记录' })] };
+  render(<CloudChat slug="agent" />);
+  await waitFor(() => expect(api.events).toHaveBeenCalled());
+  await emitAnswer('answer', '旧回答再次推送的内容');
+  const replay = articleFor('旧回答再次推送的内容');
+  expect(within(replay).getByLabelText('回复时间：2026年10月11日 08:15:03')).toHaveTextContent('10月11日 08:15');
+  expect(replay.querySelector('time')).toHaveAttribute('datetime', oldTime);
+  expect(replay.querySelector('time')).not.toHaveAttribute('datetime', now.toISOString());
+});
+
+it('does not borrow a question timestamp for a streamed reply with the same source id', async () => {
+  history = { ...history, messages: [saved({ role: 'user', created_at: sent, content: '历史中的问题' })] };
+  render(<CloudChat slug="agent" />);
+  await waitFor(() => expect(api.events).toHaveBeenCalled());
+  await emitAnswer();
+  const reply = articleFor('正在写的回答');
+  expect(within(reply).getByText('回复中…')).toHaveAttribute('data-message-time', 'pending');
+  expect(reply.querySelector('time')).toBeNull();
+});
+
+it('marks a terminal unsaved reply as unrecorded if history refresh fails instead of using the local clock', async () => {
+  render(<CloudChat slug="agent" />);
+  await waitFor(() => expect(api.events).toHaveBeenCalled());
+  await emitAnswer();
+  const implementation = api.call.getMockImplementation()!;
+  api.call.mockImplementation(async (operation, ...args) => {
+    if (operation === 'history') throw new Error('历史暂不可用');
+    return implementation(operation, ...args);
+  });
+  await finish('failed');
+  await screen.findByText('历史暂不可用');
+  const reply = articleFor('正在写的回答');
+  expect(within(reply).getByText('时间未记录')).toHaveAttribute('data-message-time', 'unknown');
+  expect(reply.querySelector('time')).toBeNull();
+  expect(screen.queryByText('回复中…')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/cloud-recovery.test.tsx b/tests/unit/cloud-recovery.test.tsx
index 02a7a56b..97e1c188 100644
--- a/tests/unit/cloud-recovery.test.tsx
+++ b/tests/unit/cloud-recovery.test.tsx
@@ -47,6 +47,39 @@ it('uses a general records entry for mixed operations and keeps the original mes
   expect(api.resolvePending).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
 });
 
+it('explains a pending application in simple language and retries only its original record', async () => {
+  const publication: CloudPendingOperation = { ...first, id: 'publish:original', operation: 'publish',
+    input: { slug: 'ml-' + 'a'.repeat(32), operation_id: 'original-publication', expected_revision: 3 } };
+  api.resolvePending.mockRejectedValueOnce(new AppError('UNKNOWN', '智能体服务暂时不可用，请重试', undefined,
+    { status: 502, backendCode: 'cloud_service_unavailable', commandOutcome: 'unknown' }))
+    .mockResolvedValueOnce({ result: { version: 2, draft_revision: 3 } });
+  render(<CloudRecovery pending={[publication]} onResolved={resolved} />);
+  await openRecords();
+  const row = screen.getByRole('article', { name: '应用设置' });
+  expect(within(row).getByText('网络可能不稳定，请再点一次「应用」。')).toBeVisible();
+  expect(screen.queryByText('发布版本')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(api.resolvePending).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  fireEvent.click(within(row).getByRole('button', { name: '应用', exact: true }));
+  expect(await screen.findByRole('alert')).toHaveTextContent('网络可能不稳定，请再点一次「应用」。');
+  expect(resolved).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  fireEvent.click(within(row).getByRole('button', { name: '应用', exact: true }));
+  expect(await screen.findByText('设置已应用。')).toBeVisible();
+  expect(api.resolvePending.mock.calls).toEqual([[publication.id, false], [publication.id, false]]);
+  expect(screen.queryByText('查看结果')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+});
+
+it('keeps a publication conflict explicit instead of calling it a network failure', async () => {
+  const publication: CloudPendingOperation = { ...first, id: 'publish:conflict', operation: 'publish' };
+  api.resolvePending.mockRejectedValue(new AppError('UNKNOWN', '云端草稿已更新，请重新读取后再保存', undefined,
+    { status: 409, backendCode: 'draft_revision_conflict', commandOutcome: 'unknown' }));
+  render(<CloudRecovery pending={[publication]} onResolved={resolved} />);
+  await openRecords(); fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '应用', exact: true }));
+  expect(await screen.findByRole('alert')).toHaveTextContent('云端草稿已更新，请重新读取后再保存');
+  expect(screen.getByRole('alert')).not.toHaveTextContent('网络可能不稳定');
+  expect(screen.queryByText('网络可能不稳定，请再点一次「应用」。')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(api.resolvePending).toHaveBeenCalledWith(publication.id, false);
+});
+
 it('keeps failed records and retries the same record ID after closing and reopening the dialog', async () => {
   api.resolvePending.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('原操作仍未确认')).mockResolvedValueOnce({ result: { slug: 'original-agent' } });
   render(<CloudRecovery pending={[first]} onResolved={resolved} />);